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Which French explorer built a fortress at what is now Quebec City, and in what year?

  1. Jacques Cartier in 1535

  2. Jean Ribault in 1562

  3. Samuel de Champlain in 1608

  4. René-Robert Cavelier in 1682

The correct answer is: Samuel de Champlain in 1608

Samuel de Champlain founded the first permanent European settlement in Quebec City in 1608. Jacques Cartier explored the area in 1535, but did not build a fortress there. Jean Ribault briefly attempted to establish a French settlement in 1562, but did not build a fortress either. René-Robert Cavelier explored the Mississippi River in 1682, but did not have a role in building the fortress at Quebec City.